Human wk10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human wk10 - Essay Example These were questions that struck a chord when I began perusing this section. Reeve (2009) focuses to explore that recommends that outgoing individuals are more joyful than thoughtful people yet I don't know this is valid. I know a few loners who live exceptionally upbeat lives without being social. At the point when I consider teenagers in Liberia, I would believe that a large number of them would be content with their lives since they may have no explanation not to be upbeat. For instance, these kids may all have comparative encounters that move them more towards satisfaction than towards trouble. A significant number of the young ladies will be roused to accomplish more since they are feeling glad. Reeve (2009) states that excitement is significant when contemplating inspiration. The transformed U bend recommends that when somebody has a low degree of excitement they are bound to have a poor degree of execution. In my understanding, excitement could be viewed as commitment. At the end of the day, on the off chance that somebody is occupied with learning, they are increasingly inclined to finish their objectives. The young ladies may have a low degree of excitement to start with, yet in the event that their instruction is animating and starts to draw in them, they would be progressively inclined to have a more significant level of excitement. I would likewise imagine that pressure would become an integral factor with else young ladies since they might not have been in a study hall or formal instruction before. This could at first imply that they could turn out to be excessively stimulated. Reeves expresses this could cause tension and other negative feelings that could block their advancement. When taking a gander at character and objective accomplishment, Jayasurija, Caputi, Gregory and Meloche (2007) found that understudies with a high accomplishment inspiration were increasingly inclined to create self-adequacy aptitudes in PC use. They saw that objective d irection was a character characteristic for those understudies who were the most persuaded were increasingly inclined to create self-adequacy aptitudes in PC use. They saw that objective direction was a character attribute for those understudies who were the most roused to accomplish their objectives. Lee, Sheldon, and Turban (2003) recommend that people must have a comprehension of discretion so as to create solid mental core interest. Mental center enables a person to turn out to be progressively engaged with their objective direction, along these lines permitting an understudy to have an approach to feel increasingly constructive about accomplishing their objectives. Mental center would likewise help in apparent control when an individual has moves adhering to their objective. Understudies in Liberia may experience issues seeing how to set and accomplish objectives however no doubt their characters would show rapidly with regards to the individuals who might have a sequential deg ree of saw control. Reeve (2009) states that those with more significant levels of apparent control would be increasingly able to move their objectives from inaction to activity. References Jayasuriya, R., Caputi, P., Gregory, P, and Meloche, J. (2007). The job of accomplishment objective direction in the advancement of self-viability during PC preparing. Recovered February 5, 2011 from http://www.pacis-net.org/document/2007/1288.pdf Lee, F.K., Sheldon, K.M., and Turban, D.B. (2003). Character and the objective endeavoring process: The impact of accomplishment objective examples, objective level, and mental spotlight on execution and delight. Diary of Applied Psychology, 88 (2), 256-265. Doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.256 Reeve. J. (2009). Getting inspiration and feeling (fifth ed.). CA: Wiley. Task 3 Loretta is an expert artist who chose to return to class. She picked a notable, authorize correspondence school that

Causes and Effects of Discrimination

You are impeded! is one of numerous hurtful expressions of segregation. Individuals act without deduction, and some of the time make statements that hurt others. Separation happens when you or another person treat somebody unjustifiably. For instance, ridiculing their skin shading, their appearance, culture, language, age, and so on. The result of segregation has its circumstances and end results. Welcome to the universe of separation. A young lady and a kid simply separated on the young ladies birthday. Tears ran down the young ladies face as the kid left. After two days, the kid got another sweetheart. Things being what they are, the new sweetheart was an excellent companion of the ex. Desire assumed responsibility for the former sweetheart, and pernicious activities endeavored. This is one case of separation. Fundamentally, the ex got desirous of the new couple, and blew up by harming her companion. Numerous individuals do senseless things without intuition, and wind up doing an i nappropriate thing. At times the impact could be acceptable, and now and then terrible, for this situation, its awful. This time, things get somewhat wild One day, a kid at thirteen years old idea of himself as an imperceptible individual. Each time he posed an inquiry, conversed with a young lady he loves, or attempt to get in a discussion with his family, they overlooked him. He just couldnt handle it any longer and chose to end it all. In the end this will happen when individuals have something awful in them that will assume responsibility for as long as they can remember. You will one day in your background when you feel disregarded. You will need to plan something for yourself like self destruction, however that is not generally the appropriate response. This shows another case of segregation. School makes us savvy, so utilize your insight and handle the circumstance maturely. A young lady at eighteen years old is doing inadequately in school. Her folks are exceptionally severe about it and misuse her when she isn’t attempting. Clearly, she is attempting however her folks don’t favor of these sorts of evaluations. The appropriate response that moves around the parents’ head is â€Å"abuse her†. The young lady is miserable, forlorn, and distraught. She flees and takes every single fierce thing with her. Her outrage takes control and murders vagrants. See, read, and recollect this wrongdoing. It is another extraordinary, however pitiful segregation. Young people are difficult to manage as they age, yet just they pick what they believe is correct, and don’t tune in to what their folks think. That’s why we have guardians on the planet, to assist us with what is correct so we don’t grow up to be a crook. As should be obvious, every one of these accounts are instances of segregation. It’s an extremely hurtful thing to individuals once you consider it. In the event that you segregate somebody in a downright awful manner, you sh ow some kindness of a lawbreaker. I’m sure nobody needs that. We have to over think our choices before we make a move. In the event that everybody minded, and no one cried, if everybody cherished, and no one lied, on the off chance that everybody shared and bit the bullet, at that point we’d see a day when no one kicked the bucket.

Grocery Stores and Payday Loans in California

Grocery Stores and Payday Loans in California Grocery Stores and Payday Loans in California Grocery Stores and Payday Loans in CaliforniaInside Subprime: July 19, 2018By Kerry ReidRunning out to the grocery store for a few things usually means milk, coffee, a loaf of bread. But Northgate stores in southern California also offer payday loans from small operations inside the supermarket â€" up to $2,500. Now a bill in the California state legislature could boost that amount to $7,500.Assembly Bill 237, authored by Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher (D-San Diego), would allow participating lenders to offer the bigger loans. Fletcher suggested in an article by James Rufus Koren of the Los Angeles Times that the larger amounts would help families who need more money for immigration attorneys or for funeral expenses.California’s payday industry is complicated. Essentially, payday lenders can make small loans of no more than $255 with strict fee limits. The state’s Department of Business Oversight notes that small loans cannot charge fees of more than 15% of the face amoun t of the check, up to $45, which is equivalent to an APR of 460% for a two-week loan.Loans of up to $2,499 carry interest rates between 20 and 30 percent. And loans between $2,500 and $10,000 have no interest limits whatsoever. Naturally, many lenders only want to operate in that higher-interest market.In an attempt to provide more flexible loan options for borrowers, the state created a pilot program that allows lenders to charge somewhat higher fees and interest up to that $2,500 ceiling. In order to participate, lenders have to agree to report to credit bureaus, offer more underwriting than typically exists in the brick-and-mortar payday market (noted for its “No Credit? No Problem!” approach to selling loans), and offer financial education to borrowers. In exchange, they can charge up to 36 percent interest.Currently, Northgate Markets acts as a “finder” for the actual lending firm â€" they advertise the loans and help borrowers fill out the paperwork but are not license d brokers themselves.Opponents in the industry say that Northgate could offer the larger loans without changing the law. All they would need to do is have their “finders” apply to become licensed loan brokers, with the greater oversight and reporting requirements that come with that license.According to the Times, a coalition of consumer-advocacy groups, including the Center for Responsible Lending, sent a letter to lawmakers questioning the bill. “Until we make real progress on across-the-board small-dollar credit issues, bad actors will continue to exploit gaps in the law and peddle costly loans in our communities.”According to the Times, nearly half of all loans between $2,500 and $10,000 made by state-licensed lenders in California last year came with interest rates topping 100 percent.Earlier this summer, Assembly Bill 2500, endorsed by the Center for Responsible Lending, failed to pass. The bill would have capped interest rates on all loans between $2,500 and $5,000 at 36 percent.To learn more about payday loans in the United States, check out these related pages and articles from OppLoans:California Payday LoansAnaheim Payday LoansBakersfield Payday LoansChico Payday LoansLos Angeles Payday LoansSan Diego Payday LoansVisit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Things Fall Apart And Heart Of Darkness Analysis - 910 Words

A Sociological Approach to Compare Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart with Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness In everyday life, we are always comparing, even subconsciously with even knowing it. When we compare things, we look at what the similarities are in said items such as a popular brand or a generic one. Comparing things such as two literary works, Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, and, Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, both have a lot of similarities that we will look at. In Things Fall Apart, it is about a man named Okonkwo who was exiled from his original village and has now found a new home in the village of Umuofia. While in this village, Okonkwo, tries to establish a flawless self-made character. Yet, the stress he†¦show more content†¦This in the end ultimately changes the way of life the villagers were accustomed to. In Heart of Darkness, you can observe one of the protagonists, Kurtz, and how he inspires the locals to the point where he become god like to them and is revered. The same can be said for the other villagers working at different stations, where they too have had their lifestyles changed by the white colonists. They did this by following the ways of the colonists and even doing as the white men commanded. Another similarity in both of these novels is how the African natives are viewed by the white colonists. In the Heart of Darkness, Conrad portrays how the colonists viewed the African tribesmen early on the novel. Conrad does this by showing the interaction between Marlow and his aunt when she relates to him her wishes in him assisting in, â€Å"weaning those ignorant millions of their horrid ways† (Conrad). She makes this statement even though she has never traveled to Africa, but only has prejudiced impression of the African people as illiterate brutes. This mindset seems to be prevalent in Europeans in this time period and this because of myths and stories shared by those who have never been to the country. In Things Fall Apart, Achebe depicted an African people which humanizes them and their country. This could partly be because he understands the African people, speak theirShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart, And The Heart Of Darkness1518 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The following essay will contain a critical analysis of two passages from Things Fall Apart, and the Heart of Darkness. I will compare and contrast the narrative structure, the language used and the themes explored. Through this critical analysis, we can gain a better understanding of the two extracts, each one helping to illuminate the other. The passages I will be analysing are: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe, Page 124 Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, Page 116-117 Narrative Structure NarrativeRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Heart Of Darkness1207 Words   |  5 PagesNoel Guillen Mr.Nigro English 8/12/17 The Heart of Darkness and the Secret Sharer Annotated Bibliography Zeitler, Michael. â€Å"Isolation in Heart of Darkness.† Encyclopedia of Themes in Literature, 3-Volume Set, Facts on File, 2010. Blooms Literature, online.infobase.com/HRC/Search/Details/38721?q=heart of darkness. Accessed 30 Nov. 2017. Early in the narration of the heart of the darkness, it starts as Marlow the fellow sailor traveler that has an adventuress mindset but he is a very quiet andRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne And Edgar Allen Poe1318 Words   |  6 Pagesobsession that directs the heart and will of man. â€Å"The Birthmark† is a tale of a youthful woman, Georgina, who has a hand-shaped mark upon her cheek and has been convinced by her husband to get the birthmark removed because in his eyes it limits her perfection. She feels the pressure from her husband to get it removed so she will feel accepted by him. â€Å"Ligeia† is a narrative of a young bride, Rowena, who is intended to be the successor of her husband’s deceased wife, but falls far short of the man’sRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1695 Words   |  7 Pagesvoices and techniques, all combined with the overall neutrality Achebe achieves when discussing different viewpoints , the author certainly knows how to create a work of literature that transcends time. Seen expertly in his best selling novel Things Fall Apart Achebe combines narrative techniques to give a voice to the Igbo tribe of Niger, accurately depicting them in a way they never had been before. His use of an evolving narrative view, ethnographic views and neutrality on tough subjects allowsRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1595 Words   |  7 Pagesvoices and techniques, all combined with the overall neutrality Achebe achieves when discussing different viewpoints, the author certainly knows how to create a work of literature that transcends time. Seen expertly in his best selling novel Things Fall Apart Achebe combines narrative techniques to give a voice to the Igbo tribe of Niger, accurately depicting them in a way they never had been before. His use of an evolving narrative view, ethnographic views and neutrality on tough subjects allowsRead More Heart of Darkness versus MacBeth Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pages Heart of Darkness and MacBeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joseph Conrad and William Shakespeare are not traditionally paired up for a critical analysis. However, the characters MacBeth and Kurtz in MacBeth and Heart of Darkness, respectively, prove to be worthy of comparison. MacBeth and Kurtz share many common characteristics: both have vaulting ambition that leads both to their success and their demise, a superiority complex, and both make similar sacrifices to achieve their goal. DespiteRead More Conrads Heart of Darkness and the Dehumanization of Africans2989 Words   |  12 PagesHeart of Darkness and the Dehumanization of Africans      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Western world, generally speaking, is not kind to Africa and its native inhabitants. We acknowledge Africas existence, but we do not want to see or understand anything about it beyond the obvious: overt things that are open to criticism like Apartheid (a European invention). The occasional praiseworthy entity is given momentary applause, but felicitations are short-lived and quickly forgotten. These statements refer just to politicsRead MoreEnhancing Cultural Interactions and Removing Misunderstandings2291 Words   |  9 Pagestranslated, there is an increased potential for misunderstandings to take place. Analysis of Cultural Interactions The best way to make an analysis of how different cultures can interact, it is important for us to have insight of individual cultures. As mentioned above, there should be an understanding of different cultural styles along with the behaviors and values of people. The book called Things Fall Apart (Achebe, 1958) gives us a window to see through the African society and the Igbo peopleRead MoreThe, Not All A Dream2326 Words   |  10 Pagesstrong emotions (line 7) and turn their hearts only to survival or feelings that there is no hope. To stop/hold back the darkness, they burn everything they can, including their homes. Both palaces and huts are burned to give light and warmth. Around the fires, men are at first glad to see other faces--but then they see in those faces such feelings that there is no hope that they begin to cry, smile (in a way that shows suspicion and distrust of people), or fall into madness. The animals of the earthRead MoreComparing The Novel Lord Of The Flies A nd Heart Of Darkness2292 Words   |  10 PagesTopic: Comparing behavior of two main characters from two different books Introduction There are both similarities and differences between the protagonists of the Novels Lord of the Flies† (Golding) and â€Å"Heart of Darkness† (Conrad). In each case we have the supposedly civilized individual(s) degenerating into savagery. As well, other characters are involved and highly influenced by the protagonist(s). This report discusses these two books and what can be observed from comparing works of essentially

Save A Child From A Life Threatening Disease - 1339 Words

If you had the option to save a child from a life-threatening disease, could you imagine choosing not to do so? Every year thousands of parents choose not to vaccinate their children from diseases like polio, whooping cough, and other life-threatening diseases. One simple decision to not vaccinate a child runs the risk of potentially infecting other children that are too young to receive the vaccination yet. It is because of this potential danger that I am in favor of the mandation of childhood vaccines. Does it really seem right that one parent’s decision can put a whole community of children at risk? Vaccinations save children s’ lives, protect large groups of children through herd immunity and can eradicate diseases such as†¦show more content†¦If every US citizen is required to have health insurance then mandating vaccines for children should not be a problem. If vaccinations for children are mandated then the production of vaccines would need to increase which could potentially lower the cost of vaccines. With the assistance of taxpayers money and the insurance companies, vaccines would be affordable for all. Vaccines save lives, lives of babies, lives of children, lives of adults and lives of the elderly. Paragraph 3- Support 2 When a parent chooses to have their child vaccinated they are not only protecting their child from illness but also every child that they will come in contact with through herd immunity. Herd immunity (or community immunity) means that when a critical portion of a population is vaccinated against a contagious disease it is unlikely that an outbreak of the disease will occur (ProCon.org). Herd immunity protects a community from getting a contagious disease through vaccination the majority of the public. By vaccinating the public, the disease is much less likely to spread and, therefore, protects the children who have not received the vaccination yet. How would you feel if your child was responsible for contracting and spreading a contagious disease just because you chose not to vaccinate your child? As a consequence of one child not being vaccinated, dozens of other children can suffer because they are not protected by the herd immunity. Paragraph 4- Support 3 Herd

The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 2155 Words

Frederick Douglass was a slave for slightly more than the first quarter of his life. In his autobiography, â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,† readers learn that Frederick never knew his birthday while growing up and had no idea what the date or year was on a common day until he grew older. However, scholars later learned that Douglass was born in 1818, died in 1895, and escaped slavery in 1838. Once Douglass escaped slavery, he spent the next three quarters of his life working to eradicate the idea of slavery entirely and became a boisterous abolitionist. The first step to his becoming an abolitionist came through the publication of his previously mentioned autobiography. Obviously, not all African American slaves could become abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, but all slaves could resist slavery in simpler ways. These ranges of slave resistance included both large and small acts such as running away, slowing production, stealing, and organizing viole nce. Though Douglass is known primarily as one of the greatest scholarly combatants of slavery of all time, his autobiography shows that his initial means of resisting slavery were comparable to these less scholarly forms of slave resistance. His transformation from slave to renowned verbal abolitionist could not have occurred without his initial forms of opposition. â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,† serves as a personal account of Douglass’s experiences with both slave resistance andShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederic k Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciation for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experiences of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

Has Texting Killed Romance Essay Example For Students

Has Texting Killed Romance Essay Has Texting Killed Romance Has texting really killed romance? In the digital age we live in it is possible that romance is being killed by texting. It used to be that boy met girl and they exchanged phone numbers. They talked and talked to friends, if all went well a date was arranged. As said by Ashton Kutcher in his article it used to be simple, you would ask a girl for her number, you would talk and would go out, but in this digital age we live in its simpler to Just text instead of meeting up. Texting mitigates the risks of early failure and eliminates those deafening moments of silence. Basically people prefer to text because no one wants to be rejected, it would make everything awkward, thats why we relay on texting because its a simple way of finding romance. Hiding behind the cloak of digital text and spell-check to present superior versions of ourselves. We sometimes pro-Jet our selves as better people when we text. With spell check it makes people more superior. Like what Ashton said A hand written letter is greater than ever. Its personal and deliberate and means more than an email or text ever will. It shows our flaws. A hand written letter means more then anything digital. It shows the person your flaws the willingness to look foolish, the courage to say, This is me, and Im interested in you enough to show you my flaws. Well put by Ashton. Multiple studies have shown that the average man uses about alf as many words per day as women, thus text message. I was very surprised to he about this study, its crazy how texting has taken over everyones social life. As said in a CNN article six billion. SMS are sent everyday and 8. 6 trillion per year as said by Portio Research. And this number is growing. I agree with Ashton, texting is or has already killed romance. We relay mostly on our phones to meet people and talk to them instead of meeting face to face. Lets face it Texting has killed romance.

Zara vs MarkSpencer free essay sample

From 1894, the company has continued to work under the name of â€Å"Marks Spencer (MS). † Influenced by American chain stores, MS started to sell both food and clothes in the 1920s. The company experienced a rapid growth from 1894 to 1939, expanding its 234 stores. In order to reach the highest quality in its products, MS concentrated its strategy on the close cooperation with suppliers and the use of new technologies. In addition, the company added internationalization and product diversification to its strategy in the late ’80’s. On the other hand, despite this promising strategy, MS started to undergo a gradual decline in its sales; consequently, in its profits in the 1980’s. A decrease in market share followed this drop. Moreover, in the late 1990’s, the share prices of the company decreased dramatically. By contrast, Zara, another clothing company founded in Spain in 1963, achieved a remarkable success in the textile market in short period by its brand new supply chain and correct business philosophy, including creativity, innovation, and fast market response. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara vs MarkSpencer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This case study will analyze the sources of the decline of the company by analyzing its chain value. This section will be followed by a SWOT analysis. Then, it’ll present solutions and provide recommendations to prevent similar problems in the future. II- Analysis The success story of MS, lasted almost a century after its foundation, seemed to end at the beginning of the 1980’s. While a new, promising era was starting for the apparel industry in the early 1980’s, MS started to experience its first disruptions in sales and in company’s profit. When we look closely at the MS business model, its marketing strategy and its supply chain choices are the main causes for the deterioration of this company’s sales and its profits. MS marketing strategy is based on its buying team’s decisions. Unlike Zara, which defines a portfolio of models at the beginning of each season and adapts it to latest fashion trends during the season, MS defines specifications of clothes one year before launching them in its stores. In fact, the definitions of clothes are frozen, and any trend changes cannot be taken into account during that one-year period. In addition, unlike Zara, the buying team of MS has no contact with customers. In other words, MS defines its new creations completely blindly from its customers’ or its potential customers’ expectations and demands. This strategy is not misguided if the demand is constant and predictable in the market. If the demand is unpredictable, like in the textile industry, following this strategy represents a tremendous risk. For example, in the 1998/1999 Fall Winter collection, MS’s economy was deeply injured by misidentifying the color of its entire collection one year before. Another weakness in the marketing strategy of MS can be observed in its advertisements. Because new collections were created without customers’ opinions, MS had to spend huge amount of money to impose new collections on clients. For example, in 2000, ? 20 million was spent on television advertisements. Another main reason that led MS to financial decline was inaccurate supply chain strategy. MS, with a well-defined warehouse, supplier, and store network, had a cost-efficient supply chain. Although a cost-efficient model seems like a positive factor for the economy of a company, because such a supply chain model is inflexible, it does not allow MS to adjust its production planning during the one-year product development phase. In fact, once the buying team defined clothes specifications and quantities, orders were sent to suppliers. In order to minimize costs, MS passed all its orders to its suppliers en mass. Consequently, its suppliers bought all raw materials and semi-finished products as soon as they received orders from MS. If a new trend occurred during the one-year development period, it was too late to change all its orders because its suppliers already ordered all the raw materials. Another weakness in the MS supply chain was that it was completely decentralized. In other words, unlike Zara, MS depended completely on the other companies, and it was not its â€Å"self-supplier† for any of products sold in its stores. Although it has had its own brand, St. Michel, and it defined all the parameters of the production of this brand, it was produced by suppliers. This lack of vertical integration caused a lack of flexibility in the company’s supply chain. Because all the suppliers were external, it had not flexibility to change any order or to manage the purchase of raw materials or the purchase of semi-finished products. To summarize the economic decline of MS, two main strategic mistakes play the most important roles: the misguided marketing strategy and the inadequate supply chain. In order to rectify the company’s economic situation, these two mistakes should be analyzed, and adequate solutions should be found. III- SWOT Analysis Strengths a

Puzzles In Sampling Design And Experimentation Example

Puzzles In Sampling Design And Experimentation Example Puzzles In Sampling Design And Experimentation – Coursework Example Puzzles in sampling design and experimentation May 23, Puzzles in sampling design and experimentation A team of ecologists is studying effects of suburban neighborhoods on stream ecology and due to limited time and finances, has decided to collect data from two sample points on a single stream. Measurables are temperature, dissolved oxygen, and aquatic macroinverterbrates. The design will not give the researchers defensible scientific results because of reliability and validity issues that arise from sampling strategy. Quantitative scope of the study requires reliability and validity that the design lacks. A representative sample is one of qualities of a quantitative study this lacks in the research. Using a single stream ignores data from other streams in the neighborhood and should differences exist in the streams’ composition, the results will not reflect on the data. Use of two sample points is another issue that undermines scientific quality of the study. Even a single st ream may have different features along its flow and multiple data points are necessary for capturing information at the different points. The arbitrary selection of two data collection points also identifies threat to bias, possibly because of convenience. Internal and external threats to reliability therefore exist, extend to validity of the study’s results, and undermine its scientific quality (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2013).Use of many streams for the study and many data points from each stream would improve the design, assuming that resource and time constraints are resolved. Reliance on secondary data can be an alternative if the constraints still exist. Probability sampling of data points, such as use of stratified random sampling with demographic factors and existing literature on features of streams as bases for defining strata, would also improve the design (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2013).ReferenceCohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013). Research methods in education. New York, NY: Routledge.

Project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Project management - Assignment Example Being one of the biggest and most innovative banks in New Zealand, ASB Bank needed to minimize energy consumption in all its headquarters and branch networks. Besides minimizing energy, cost the bank also wanted a solution that would enable a countrywide communication infrastructure, which would be reliable and secure. In addition, the bank also wanted a solution that would be independent of the bank’s data network. Finally, the fact that the smart metering technology was a new phenomenon in the New Zealand market necessitated the bank to find an experienced M2M partner. All these formed the primary goals of the establishment of the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) smart meter solution project. To minimize energy consumption, the bank aimed at installing a network of more than 200 smart meters in the in its headquarters and branch networks all over the country. The proposition of the project was to install smart meters in each ASB bank branches countrywide and around 10 smart meters in the bank’s data centre, call centre, and headquarters. The smart meters installed would collect data in a 15 minute interval, from eight power sources, and then feed the information collected to a central server in a 30 minute interval on a daily basis. This would enable the ASB Bank to monitor the data in each of its branches in a near instantaneous manner, verify the load profile, and respond to any problems in any of the branches accordingly. Smart meters would be installed in all the bank’s branches, key buildings and individual loads in bigger buildings. After the smart meters collect data from all the branches and offices, the data can be manipulated using numerous customized reports and automatically sent to the main server To enable successful project scheduling, the project goals must be broken down into tasks before the delivery dates, resource constrictions, or task contingencies are considered. When

International retail marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International retail marketing - Assignment Example The country we have targeted for Iceland Food’s retail is Saudi Arabia. Saudi differs from United Kingdom in various aspects which include cultural, psychographic and demographic dimensions. The macro environment of the two nations is also different. The report focuses on what 7 P’s are needed by Iceland to establish themselves in Saudi Arabia and what should differ to what is already being done in the United Kingdom. When moving into a new country, the retail outlets also need to consider various ways of understanding the customer behavior and how they can improve the customer relationship to retain sales in the long term. Organization: Iceland, one of Britain’s most innovative and fastest-growing retailers is considered to be one of UK’s best companies. Its primary product line consists of frozen foods such as frozen prepared meals and also frozen vegetables. Iceland also launched what according to them was the first nationwide, free, online grocery shop ping service. Critical Evaluation of the role that marketing mix plays in the devising of the marketing strategy of a retail organization: Marketing Management decisions can be based on one of the four categories: product, price, place and promotion. These variables are known to be the 4 P’s of marketing or the marketing mix. In order to satisfy customers in the target market, these variables are controlled by marketing managers. This is in an attempt to generate positive response in the target market as these four marketing mix variables can be blended in an optimal manner. Product: It is the physical product or service which is offered to the consumer. When the physical products are offered, it can also refer to the services or the conveniences that are part of the product being offered. The decisions on products can include different aspects such as function, appearance, service, warranty and packaging. Price: The decisions on pricing of the product are made by taking into account the profit margins and the probable pricing response of the competitors. This not only includes the listed price of the product but also the discounts, financing and other options such as leasing in order to satisfy the customers in the best possible way. Place: The decisions on place (or placement) are the ones that are associated with the channels of distribution that provide the platform or the channels for getting the product to the target customers of that market. The system of distribution performs transactional, logistical and the facilitating functions. The decisions on distribution include the market coverage, the channel member selection, the logistics and the levels of service for the product to reach to the final consumers. Promotion: The decisions on promotions are the ones related to communicating and selling the product to the potential consumers. The costs of promotion are large in proportion to the price of the product; therefore, an analysis of break-even should be performed when making decisions of promotions. It is essential to know the value of a customer in order to determine whether the cost of acquiring additional customers is worth it

The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Example for Free

The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay 1) Describe the nature of supplying drugs to emerging markets at an affordable price without undermining their profits 2) Research and analyze in depth the effectiveness of one proposed policy response to this issue. (To use economics theory to analyze)    A drug described as a pharmaceutical product used to treat illness, made up of a chemically defined amount of pharmaceutically active ingredients. On the contrary a vaccine is a pharmaceutical product, a biological medicine is difficult to homogenize since it is designed using living systems. It is basically used for preventive purposes. Although the relative importance may vary, a number of facts that impact access to drugs vaccines are similar. [Milstien et. al, 2005] Patents, the monopolies granted by the State for a specified length of time for the commercial exploitation of a scientific or technological invention[navy Blue] are considered important incase of drugs so as to limit general access, as compared to vaccines. However the organizations are dependant on their patents the challenges faced by them, for gaining business; often disagreeing on this by saying that the patent protection has been exaggerated in World Health Organization list only 90% drugs are off- patent. [Strain 2007]   Ã‚   AIDS, a health calamity of unparalleled magnitude, caused by a virus in an individual, the plague must be seen as an economic, social political occurrence killing millions, while the international organizations have been trying to control the epidemic since the past 2 decades after identifying HIV, primarily caused by peoples sexual risk behavior . Leading organizations like the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) states that patents that range up to thousands of dollars, are vital for the protection of investments involved in research development of innovative drugs, failure of which may make it difficult to recover their investments for further projects. Some countries like India do not recognize the patents therefore successfully manufactures generic AIDS cheaply, however obstructions like primitive distribution systems cultural taboos did not allow them to succeed. Mainly the health problems are caused due to many factors overshadowing the under developed world like poverty, lack of health services, clean water proper sanitation. Non availability of efficient affordable medication treatments is the most important factor in this crisis. It is estimated that as a result of many infectious diseases like as acute respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and tuberculosis around 14 million people die globally. Mostly in Africa South- East Asia infectious diseases alone are responsible for 45% deaths annually, the rate is high even in developing countries. [The health crisis in developing countries] In the developing countries each day around 8000 patients die of AIDS, in contrast to the West, where people always have had access to competent medicines    The year 2001 witnessed a rigorous increase in the AIDS crises in Africa, with statistics declaring more than 30 million HIV positive citizens. An important fact to consider is that the highly patented HIV drugs are more acute than any other disease. AIDS HIV patients in developed countries are getting extensive benefits since 1996, as a result living better improved lives through the expensive combinational anti-retroviral drug therapy (or HAART) which costs about 15,000 US Dollars per year. People living in under developed countries like Africa cannot afford such expensive treatments having only $10 per person [Watts, 2002]. This catastrophe has affected people all around the world, putting the Pharmaceutical companies in a dilemma, by having to choose between their philanthropic penchants their duty to achieve a profit. Especially the international community being burdened with extraordinary pressure regarding worldwide health issues, the pharmaceutical industry has become a fundamental feature of humanitarian work.   Ã‚   According to surveys, from the 39 million people who are suffering with AIDS globally, 25 million are in sub- Saharan Africa with life expectancy to fall by 20 years by the year 2010 due to AIDS HIV. 5 million people got infected in 2004, while 3.1 million died from AIDS. In Zimbabwe, life expectancy at birth was 34 years in 2003, compared with 52 years in 1990, Infection rate are still ranging high especially in China, ex- Russian federation states. The fundamental subject is the high costs of AIDS treatments. The standard cost of 1 years worth the standard treatment, a combination of 3 antiretroviral drugs, is estimated at US$10,000-15,000 as a result, the treatment out of reach of most people in the developing world, where 95% of the people with HIV are from (As quoted in The health crisis in developing countries). 9 out of 10 people infected with the virus are not receiving the required help in order to reduce the disease to a chronic condition. In the global market, pharmaceutical companies in Africa, Asia China represent less than 7%. From 1975 to 1996, among 1223 pharmaceutical products developed to fight diseases, only 11 were designed specifically for tropical illnesses. Maybe in 5 – 7 years vaccines will be developed for AIDS, the Global AIDS Fund needs between $ 10 to 15 billion to fight AIDS, however only $ 6.1 billion was received in 2004 or the US AIDS relief program. [The AIDS Epidemic and Pharmaceutical Companies, 2005] The Trade- related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) in year 1995, guaranteeing protection of patents across the international market included pharmaceutical products along with other services in the World Trade Organization structure.   Ã‚   The recent years have seen the wealthy governments focusing vast amounts to treat the issues highlighting the world such as lack of clean water, the treatments of infectious diseases that eradicated 11 million people every year, the AIDS death rate is now exceeding by 3 million annually according to the World Health Organization (WHO). After increased pressure by the charity groups around the world such as Oxfam Medicins sans Frontieres to promote the easy availability of drugs, one of the leading global pharmaceutical organizations has planned to lower the cost of its HIV AIDS medicines in 63 poorest countries of the world. It is therefore extremely important for the pharmaceutical industries to take part in the fight against global health issues. However their main focus is the safeguarding of revenue not working on humanitarian inclination, often adopting strategies that eventually damage the mounting issues. [Strain 2007] Additionally, prices in the United States range much higher than in Britain, according to a recent U.S. General Accounting Office report.    The rise in the worldwide health crisis proves the philosophical malfunction of the international organizations to save lives decrease suffering. The subject has raised a number of issues on the pricing of drugs especially in poor countries gaining a lot of publicity when a case has been filed in South Africa court addressing the pharmaceutical companies to license their patents an announcement by Cipla, an Indian pharmaceutical firm that they would copy U.S. firms AIDS drugs sell them at sell them at cost to countries in Africa. [Rapp, 2002] Around 40 South African pharmaceutical companies are suing the South African government at the Pretoria High Court on March 5th to shield their profits ignoring the demise of millions of lives by HIV.   Ã‚   On the contrary, a realistic approach by the United Kingdom has been taken up leading to control, devoid of turmoil by a compromising agreement regarding the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) between the British government the U.K. pharmaceutical industry governing the Prices of medications for the next 5 years under the National Health Service (NHS) involving limitation of profits to 17 -21% of engaged funds as well as pricing freedom for new products. In the advanced countries, HIV AIDS infected people are living a better life, since they have better medical treatments available. In [Geffen, 2001] Justice Edwin Cameron also HIV positive stated that, There are people throughout Africa†¦and nearly 34 million people in our whole world who are this moment dying. And they [are] dying because they dont have the privilege that I have, of purchasing my health and life.   The pharmaceutical industry had 625 registered lobbyists in DC in the year 2001 in 1999-2000 a combined lobbying having budget of $197 million. [Rapp, 2002] An industry having so much power, they are more focused to gain more revenue. It is a fact that expensive drugs like Prozac Viagra are more easily available promoted than any other life saving drug. It is important that the drug industries develop some concern about the suffering humanity design some strategies to control the major health issues in the world today. The governmental authorities should take steps to motivate the firms to allocate special funds low priced medicines especially targeted towards deserving nations. REFERENCE Alan Berkman, The Global AIDS Crisis: Human Rights, International Pharmaceutical Markets and Intellectual Property Symposium [accessed 19 January 2008] http://www.healthgap.org/press_releases/02/031402_HGAP_ALAN_PP_IPR.pdf Robert Strain, The Pharmaceutical Paradox: Helping and Harming the Developing World [2007] University of Pennsylvania [accessed 19 January 2008] http://humanities.sas.upenn.edu/essay.shtml The AIDS Epidemic and Pharmaceutical Companies: Ethics, Stakeholders and Obligations [2005] issue 7- BBS Teaching Research Review [accessed 19 January 2008] www.uwe.ac.uk/bbs/trr/Issue7/is711.pdf Julie B. Milstien, Amie Batson and Albert I. Wertheimer, Vaccines and Drugs: Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals [March 2005] The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [accessed 19 January 2008] http://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/281627-1095698140167/MilstienVaccinesDrugsFinal.pdf Access to medicines for the Developing World and the pharmaceutical industry [May 2005] EIRIS [accessed 19 January 2008] www.eiris.org/files/research%20publications/seeriskaccesstomedicine05.pdf The Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis in Developing Countries [Aug 13, 2001] Harvard Business School [accessed 19 January 2008] http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu/b02/en/common/item_detail.jhtml?id=702010 Richard T. Rapp, Civilized Pharmaceutical Price Regulations: Can The U.S. Have It Too? [2001] [accessed 19 January 2008] http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv17n2/reg17n2-rapp.html Jordi Martorell, Drugs companies putting profits before millions of peoples lives [9 March 2001] [accessed 19 January 2008] http://www.marxist.com/drugs-companies-profits090301-4.htm Heather Watts, International Trade, Generic Drugs and the Developing World [April 12, 2002] Deeth Williams Wall LLP. All Rights Reserved. [accessed 19 January 2008] http://www.dww.com/?page_id=1050 Cecilia Oh, The health crisis in developing countries [accessed 19 January 2008] http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/twr131a.htm Warren V.,What Price AIDS Drugs? Developing Countries and Strategies for Paying for AIDS Drugs. Acad Health Serv Res Health Policy Meet. 2002; 19: 6. Nathan Geffen, Applying Human Rights to the HIV/AIDS Crisis [May 6, 2001] [accessed 19 January 2008] http://www.cceia.org/resources/publications/dialogue/2_06/articles/646.html Cheap AIDS drugs for poor countries [June 7, 2001] [accessed 19 January 2008] http://edition.cnn.com/BUSINESS/programs/yourbusiness/stories2001/aids.drug.price/

Martha Washington :: essays research papers

In 1633, the Reverend Rowland Jones came from England to the colony of Virginia. He had graduated from Oxford University and in Williamsburg had served as minister for fourteen years. Two generations later Martha Dandridge, his great-granddaughter, was born on June 2, 1731 on a plantation near Williamsburg. She grew up in the Dandridge home, Chestnut Grove. She enjoyed riding horses, gardening, sewing, playing the â€Å"spinet† and dancing. Her father made sure that she got a fair education in basic math, reading and writing...something girls didn’t receive at the time. At the age of eighteen, Martha married to Daniel Parke Custis. He was wealthy, handsome and twenty years older than her. Martha set up housekeeping on his plantation, while her husband managed the estate, which covered over 17,000 acres. Her husband adored his young, pretty bride and pampered her with the finest clothes and gifts imported all the way from England. They had four children, two who died before their first birthday. Their two surviving children John Parke, called "Jacky" and Martha, called "Patsy". In 1757, when Martha was twenty-six, Daniel Custis die d after a brief illness. Jacky was three and Patsy was less than a year old. Dying without a will, Martha was left with the duties of running the household, the estate and raising her children. (Fatherless children were usually "raised" under the care of a guardian, even if the mother survived--which meant that another male, primarily a relative, took care of the estates of the children). Her early education proved very helpful in the task. Her husband’s former business manager stayed to help with the operation of the plantation and she consulted with lawyers when she felt she needed it. Sometime later, Martha met a young colonel (several months younger than her) in the Virginia Militia at a cotillion in Williamsburg. His name was George Washington. Martha fell in love and George found her quite attractive. (That she had a good disposition and inherited wealth was an added bonus to the relationship). Martha married George on January 6, 1759. The marriage changed George from an ordinary planter to a substantially wealthy landowner. He had resigned his commission in the militia and so, George, Martha, Jacky who was 4, and Patsy who was about 2 moved into the remodeled Mt. Vernon. Martha was careful in running her home, although she and her husband did not pinch pennies when it came to caring for their home.

Feminist Perspective in Sociology Essay

â€Å"If we are to achieve a richer culture, rich in contrasting values, we must recognize the whole gamut of human potentialities, and so weave a less arbitrary social fabric, one in which each diverse gift will find a fitting place. † — Margaret Mead I. Prologue At present, it is quite difficult to imagine how there was a time when women were not afforded the same rights and opportunities as men. Some of these rights and opportunities include the right and opportunity to pursue a college diploma and a career, and the right to vote. At present, it is quite revolting to think how women were tagged and branded to remain at home and pursue the best interests of her family members, but not hers. It is quite difficult to imagine, but the truth of the matter is that there was such a time that all these unimaginable things and revolting things were happening, when women were to take the backseat to the men and when they were not regarded as equals. The goal of the first wave feminism was to correct all these notions and to try to achieve a position for the women when they do not take the backseat to the men, but stay beside the men as their equals. Slowly, this was achieved. Hence, women were then are given the right and opportunity to pursue a college diploma and a career, and the right to vote, among all others. All of these things are remarkable achievements and should in and by themselves, be commended. However, it cannot be denied once again, that the struggle of women does not end with the first wave feminism, after all its not apt to call it the first wave if there is no second wave. The second wave devolved around the problems that the achievements of the first wave put to fore. The sum of all these goals is ultimately for society treat woman not just as an object but as a subject — who has her own thoughts and who can speak through her own mind and with her own voice (Delmar, 2005, p. 32). The ultimate goal was to liberate woman from her reification. Thus, MacKinnon remarked: I say, give women equal power in social life. Let what we say matter, then we will discourse on questions of morality. Take your foot off our necks, then we will hear in what tongue women speak. So long as sex equality is limited by â€Å"sex difference† whether you like it or don’t like it, whether you value it or seek to negate it, whether you stake it out as a grounds for feminism or occupy it as the terrain of misogyny, women will be born, degraded and die. We would still settle for that equal protection of the laws under which one would be born, live and die, in a country where protection is not a dirty word and equality is not a special privilege (1987, p. 45). The issues and problems created by the first wave as manifested in the second wave led Bell Hooks to assert that [a]ll women are oppressed, and being oppressed means the absence of choices. The goal of this Paper then is to try to explain in a simplified but not in a simplistic manner what Bell Hooks meant when she cited the above-mentioned assertion through an exposition of some the writings during the second wave feminism. The Paper shall be divided into four parts. The first part is the Prologue, where these paragraphs fall under, which shall discuss in general the background and the goal of the Paper. The second part shall discuss in general what Bell Hooks asserted through the reference materials. The third part shall discuss in specific detail how all women are oppressed, once again through the reading materials. The fourth part is the epilogue, which shall present the conclusion and personal thoughts of the writer of this Paper. II. The New Face of Oppression Oppression presupposes two parties, one is the oppressor and the other is the object of the oppression, or oppressee, so to speak. During the first wave it is quite apparent that the oppressor is the patriarchal and machismo characteristic of society, or men in short, and the object of the oppression are women. In the second wave, one wonders how Hooks made this assertion given the fact that the men and women dichotomy and oppression were no longer as manifest. The answer is simple, while the first wave may have achieved equal rights and opportunities for women and men, there is still oppression. It is only that the faces of the oppressor and the oppressee have changed. With the second wave, other women became the oppressors. According to most critics, this was an inevitable consequence of setting equality with males as the primary goal of feminism (Jhappan, 1996, p. 25). Jhappan expounds: [i]n reality, the positions of power and privileges enjoyed by white men have only been made possible by racism and sexism, they require hierarchy, skewed power relations, inequality and the subjugation of the majority (white women and people of colour). It seems to me that white women’s â€Å"equality† with white men would only be possible of the race hierarchy were kept substantially intact since the privileges that white men enjoy depend upon a racially satisfied social system (p. 25). Simply, this means that with the goal of equality with men, women aimed for an equally oppressing position, where they are now the oppressors. While men were no longer tagged as the oppressors of all women, within the circle of women rose other oppressors in the face of fellow women who are of a different color. This is what Angela P. Harrris discusses in her article, in relation to what Catharine MacKinnon discusses in hers. Generally, the idea of the latter is that there is a universal concept of a woman so to speak. This universal concept of a woman is what was oppressed by society through male domination and supremacy before. For MacKinnon, there is just one experience, culture, heritage, needs for all women, thus, their needs are all alike. As most feminists then were white women, most of what was pushed for were for the needs of the white women. This is also known as the notion of a monolithic women experience (Harris, 2002, p. 384). Through this gender essentialism and worse, racial essentialism was likewise furthered (Harris, 2002, p. 384). Thus according to Harris, they reduce the lives of people who experience multiple forms of oppression to additional problems: â€Å"racism + sexism = straight black woman’s experience† or â€Å"racism + sexism + homophobia = black lesbian experience. † Thus, in an essentialist world, black women’s experience is always forcibly fragmented before being subjected to analysis, as those who are â€Å"only interested in race† and those who are â€Å"only interested in gender† take their separate slices of our lives (p. 384). An example for Harris is what MacKinnon does when she reduces Black women to just worse forms of white women, and not as a separate and diverse woman apart from the white woman, but not an aggravation. MacKinnon imparts: [b]lack is not merely a color of skin pigmentation, but a heritage, an experience, a cultural and personal identity, the meaning of which becomes specifically†¦ and glorious and/or ordinary under specific social conditions. It is as much socially created as, and at least in the American context no less specifically meaningful or defective than any linguistic, tribal, or religious ethnicity, all of whom are conventionally recognized by capitalization. While women on paper, were liberated from their reification, what happened really was that white women were liberated from reification. White women were no longer considered as objects —they became subjects. Black women, though they were women but because they were black, were not similarly liberated. This is because [w]hite feminists have exposed male essentialism only to replace it with another essentialism based on the notion of an essential woman. However, as it turns out, this generic â€Å"woman† is not only white, but middle class, and also able-bodied†¦Over the last couple of decades people of color have highlighted the silences of racists Eurocentric history and discourses which render all â€Å"others† invisible (Jhappan, 1996, p. 22). By virtue of the monolithic experience of women, women who did not fit the mold of the monolithic experience were oppressed in the sense that they were left with no choice. The choice was already made for them by the systems that were built in place respecting such monolithic experience. They were left with no choices as their needs were not addressed. The needs that were addressed were the needs of those who fit the monolithic experience of women. III. The Specific Instances of Oppression The specific instances of oppression that are discussed in the reference materials are enumerated below. a. Oppression in Relation to the Family Through the idea of the family wage, women were oppressed with the fact that they were made dependent on the wage of their husbands. They were made dependent with the notion that â€Å"a working man should earn enough to support his family† (Gavigan, 1996, p. 237), and consequently, the place of the woman or the wife is at home (Gavigan, 1996, p. 237). As the husband already earns enough to support the family, there is no more need for the woman to earn and augment the budget for the family. Thus, she is tasked by society to stay at home and address the needs of her family members. Such admittedly, does not require professional and personal growth. Thus, while the members of the family pursue different goals in their lives, the woman is stuck at home looking after the family members, sending them off to reach their dreams, while she stays in her place. In addition, if and when a woman earns, she is given minimum wage. The notion of minimum wage was put in place to accommodate individuals who were single and who did not have dependents to support (Gavigan, 1996, p. 238). In this wise, women were oppressed with the fact that when they earn, what they earn is not even enough to provide for their dependents, if any. b. Oppression under the Law Under the law, heterosexual relationships are afforded more advantages and privileges, in terms of â€Å"tax benefits, standing to recover damages for certain torts committed against spouses, and rights to succession and insurance benefits† (Gavigan, 1996, p. 263). The same are not afforded to homosexual relationships; thus women are oppressed. Oppression of women under the law is manifested explicitly in Welfare Law. When women seek assistance under the welfare law, especially the solo parents, they have a hard time obtaining the assistance that the law provides because of the very stiff and stringent definition of â€Å"spouse† under the laws such as the Family Law Act, RSO 1990 and Canada Pension Plan Act : â€Å"spouse† means either of a man and a woman who (a) are married to each other or (b) have together entered into, a marriage that is voidable or void, in good faith on the part of the person asserting a right under the Act x x x â€Å"spouses† means a spouse as defined in subsection 1 (1), and in addition includes either of a man and woman who are not married to each other and have cohabited (a) continuously or (b) in relationship of some permanence, if they are natural or adoptive parents if a child x x x â€Å"spouses: in relation to a contributor means’ (i) if there is no person described in subparagraph (ii), a person who is married to the contributor at the relevant time or (ii) a person of the opposite sex who is cohabiting with the contributor in a conjugal relationship at the relevant time, having so cohabited with the contributor for a continuous period of at least one year (Gavigan, 1996, p. 266) When solo parents seek social welfare assistance, there were always resort to the courts in order to determine whether or not a particular relationship was sufficiently conjugal to warrant the characteristic as spousal and consequently to warrant the benefits provided by the social services (Gavigan, 1996, p. 266). Also, the definition of the term â€Å"spouse† was too technical such that even in heterosexual relationships, there were always doubt as to whether a relationship is sufficiently conjugal to warrant the benefits granted by social services (Gavigan, 1996, p. 267). An example of the ill-effect of this law is the requirement that the spouse who should support the spouse (wife) and the children, must not live in a certain proximity; otherwise the latter cannot receive the benefits under the Welfare Law (Gavigan, 1996, p. 269). c. Oppression by Virtue of Race or Color This form was already discussed in part two. However, in addition Jhappan tells us that for colored women, race rather gender has been the primary source of oppression. †¦while white feminists have theorized the male breadwinner dependent-female, post-Industrial Revolution family form of the West as a source of women’s oppression, different family forms persist in other culture even among those living in the diasporas, For many women of colour, in fact, state actions such as iimmigration and labour policies that have separated and distorted families have oppressed them more than gender relations (p. 23). d. Oppression of Oneself by Oneself Women also admit that in and by themselves, they are oppressed. As there are women who are of different cultures, there are certain aspects of their identity that is rejected by another aspect, but which they ultimately have to deal with. For instance a woman who has both black and Caucasian heritage, the black heritage forsakes slavery while the Caucasian heritage promoted the same. There may be instances in the life of such person when decisions have to be made favoring one aspect over the other, and in such instance, the woman is the oppressor of her own self as she is left with no choice but to decide in such manner, although contrary to an aspect of her identity. IV. Epilogue Delmar has pointed out that the problem of oppression within the circle of feminism is rooted on the fact that the very definition of feminism is monolithic and abstracted. The very definition of feminism forgets or averts from the reality that there exists a multiple consciousness of women. With the realization that a multiple consciousness of women exists, then there may be the realization that there are various facets of oppression. Consequently, solutions may be afforded to these various facets in order to abolish, if not minimize the same. This is why at the beginning of this Paper a quote from Margaret Mead was stated. â€Å"If we are to achieve a richer culture, rich in contrasting values, we must recognize the whole gamut of human potentialities, and so weave a less arbitrary social fabric, one in which each diverse gift will find a fitting place. † With the realization that women are rich in culture, in contrasting values, then we can realize that there is a whole gamut of potentialities. With such variety, a less arbitrary social fabric may be established, and through such less arbitrary social fabric, each and every individual may find his or her own place without necessarily fitting into a monolithic mold. References Delmar, Rosalind. (2005). What is Feminism? Feminist Theory: A reader, 27-36. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gavigan, Shelley. (1996). Familial Ideology & the Limits of Difference. Women and Canadian Public Policy, 225-78. Toronto: Harcourt Brace. Harris, Angela. (2002). Race and Essentialism in Legal Theory. Women, Law and Social Change, 4th ed. , 383-92. Concord, ON: Captus Press. Jhappan, Raddha. (1996). Post-Modern Race and Gender Essentialism or a Post-Mortem of Scholarship. Studies in Political Economy 51:15-58. MacKinnon, Catharine. (1987). Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination. Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, 32-45, 240-45. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

A Common Technique Used By John Updike - 926 Words

A common technique used by authors throughout literature is the growth of the main character into their own. From the maturation of a selfish soul into a triumphant hero, or the rise of a shunned underdog into a loved champion, authors have create situations for their characters that teach readers a significant life lesson about the world we live in. For example, John Updike’s Sammy from AP and Flannery O’Connor’s Grandmother from A Good Man is Hard to Find both receive wake up calls from the respective antagonists of their stories. They are put in high-stress situations where their morals and beliefs are pushed to the limit. Both O’Connor and Updike utilized the high-stress situations to make the reader question their own beliefs; therefore, causing the readers to empathize with the main characters. Sammy and the Grandmother experience unique situations that force them to question their way of thinking; however, those lessons are not restricted to them, b ut also lessons everyone has to learn. John Updike does a great job of creating a character in Sammy that young boys are able to relate to, and then making him mature due to a shocking realization about the real world. Like most teenage boys, he is sarcastic and opinionated, but Sammy sets himself apart by being oddly observant. The mundane routine of his boring bag boy job is turned upside down when the three girls around his age walk in. He immediately takes notice and starts to pick apart every detail about the trio.Show MoreRelatedJohn Updike s Telephone Poles1204 Words   |  5 Pagesand thoughts of others in a more profound way, it is necessary to accept the fact that things may not always be just as they seem. It is imperative that one adopt this same attitude when reading poetry. One poem in particular that exemplifies this is John Updike’s â€Å"Telephone Poles†. Within the work, telephone poles are compared to trees by way of extended metaphor. â€Å"Teleph one Poles† conveys the message that when nature is destroyed to make way for technology is harmful to nature itself and humankindRead MoreJohn Updike Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Updike John Updike’s poems are written in a very peculiar style. Unlike most poets, Updike’s poems seem to tell a story, rather than depict a singular emotion. This is due to the fact that many of Updike’s poems deal with simple, yet focused topics. Updike masters the use of vivid language to produce powerful images in the minds of his readers. The use of such strong language in his poems allow his readers to see and experience the messages which he is portraying. Although the topicsRead MoreA P By John Updike1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn John Updike’s story â€Å"A P†, depicts a middle-class town. This short story focuses on the feelings of loneliness and isolation that lead the common man to seek some form of higher truth or ultimate meaning. The story relates to a teenaged boy s sudden awareness of the split between his inner feelings and society s values. I could kind of relate and get gist of what the narrator was feeling throughout the story . In this story, Sammy was an unreliable narrator, and the point of view was firstRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesAmerican / American Indian oral literature / oral tradition creation storiesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼  Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° songs / chantsï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€º ²Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° Anglo Settlers’ Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†: â€Å"†¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)Read MoreThe taste of melon by borden deal11847 Words   |  48 Pageswrite definitions for each expression. 3. In groups, select a teen magazine to examine. Deconstruct the magazine, analysing the following: a) story topics c) products advertised b) images used d) level of language used Compare your analysis with that of other groups. Create a list of the common features of teen magazines, and discuss their appeal. What advice would you have for the publisher of these magazines? 4. In groups, design your own magazine for teens. Consider what segment of